Most of today’s scorpions are small enough to fit in the palm of your hand, but millions of years ago, their ancient ancestors were among the most fearsome predators of the seas. These creatures, known as sea scorpions or eurypterids, thrived over 400 million years ago during the Paleozoic era. Some of these marine giants grew over nine feet long, outmatching many modern-day predators in size and power.

New research, led by paleobiologist Dr. Russell Bicknell of the American Museum of Natural History, reveals that the largest sea scorpions were capable of crossing vast oceans. This groundbreaking discovery, based on fossils found in Australia, challenges our understanding of what ancient arthropods could achieve. “They functioned much like modern sharks,” explains Dr. Bicknell, highlighting their dominance in ancient marine ecosystems.

The Rise and Fall of a Dominant Species
Eurypterids, the group to which sea scorpions belonged, came in a variety of shapes and sizes. The largest species, equipped with powerful claws and a robust exoskeleton, were likely at the top of the food chain. Despite their success, these marine predators suddenly vanished from the fossil record about 393 million years ago, leaving scientists puzzled.

“They appeared, thrived, grew large, and then abruptly disappeared,” notes Dr. James Lamsdell, a paleobiologist at West Virginia University. The cause of their sudden extinction remains a mystery, but it continues to intrigue researchers today.

Lessons from the Past
Understanding the widespread nature of these gigantic sea scorpions could provide clues about why such large arthropods have not reappeared since their extinction. Most fossils have been discovered in North America and Europe, with recent finds in China and now, Australia. The new evidence of their ocean-crossing abilities adds a fascinating chapter to the story of these ancient creatures.

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